PMC

Data points represent the mean value over 10 independent simulations and error bars represent one standard deviation from the mean. Black arrows represent baseline parameter values. (a). Variation of 1/(RT rate) showing coherence. (b). Variation of the angle by which the cells can deviate during RT showing coherence. (c). Variation of 1/(CoA rate) showing coherence. (d). Variation of the diffusion length showing coherence. (e). Variation of the domain width showing coherence for weak (dashed) and strong co-attraction (solid line). (f). Variation of 1/(RT rate) showing collective target time. (g). Variation of the angle by which the cells can deviate during RT showing collective target time. (h). Variation of 1/(CoA rate) showing the collective target time. (i). Variation of the diffusion length, showing the collective target time. (j). Variation of the domain width showing the collective target time for weak (dashed) and strong co-attraction (solid line).

Schematic representation of temporal rhythmic patterns in a group of four individuals. The onset time of a given behavioral event (e.g., an utterance) is represented as a rectangle with each color corresponding to a different individual. (A) Temporal patterns of behavior recovered from each of the four individuals (individual temporal patterns) and from all participants (collective temporal pattern). (B) Emergent collective rhythm: a collective temporal pattern that cannot be predicted from the individual periodicities alone. In this case, the vertical axis represents a new group-level property.

(a–d). Images taken at approximately half of the baseline collective target time. (a). −CIL,−CoA, where migration can be seen to be less efficient than in (b) and (d). (b). +CIL,−CoA (c). −CIL,+CoA, (d). +CIL,+CoA. (e). Table of coherence measures for the four cases. (f). Table of collective target times for the four mutually exclusive cases. (g). Collective target time for the cases +CIL,+CoA and +CIL,−CoA. The cases −CIL,−CoA and −CIL,+CoA are omitted as the time was greater than 150 hours. (h). Coherence measure of the four cases, shown in black. Blue star indicates the automated tracking value for the model and the red star shows the experimental data tracking software value.

Indigenous territories and deforestation in Brazilian Amazon for (A) 1985, (B) 1995, (C) 2005, and (D) 2015. Gray plots represent indigenous territories which have not received full property rights, while yellow plots represent plots which have received full property rights.